Week 8 Macromolecules (Proteins,carbohydrates, lipids)

For Guillermo p6

10/6/14
QFD: Be not afraid of life. Believe that life is worth living, and your belief will help create the fact.
Essential Question: Describe the major types of molecules and the major structures (molecules) associated wit each of these types
Learning Objective: Students will know and be able to comprehend: the similarities and differences between various macromolecules, How macromolecules form, organs and organelles involved in creating macromolecules, The DNA and RNA sequences that aide in the process of macromolecule processes

Proteins

• Polypeptides – 20 different amino acids, peptide bonds.
• Amino Acids – amino group, carboxyl group, side groups.
• Shape – folding chains of amino acids, hydrogen bonds, shape determines function, primary, secondary, plated sheet, alpha helix, tertiary, quaternary structures.
• Functions – enzymes, structure, movement, energy source, transport, immunity.
• Food Types – dairy, eggs, fish, grains, legumes, meat, nuts, poultry, seeds, vegetables.

Carbohydrate

carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates – monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides.
• Monosaccharides – glucose sugar, fructose.
• Disaccharides – sucrose sugar, lactose, maltose.
• Polysaccharides – starch, glycogen, cellulose.
• Food Types – sugar, breads, cereal, fruits, milk, pasta, vegetables.
• Fiber Types – apple, baked potato, barley, bran cereal, dried beans, pear.

Lipids

• Lipids – fats, lipoproteins, phospholipids, sterols, triglycerides.
• Lipoproteins – VLDL very low density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, HDL high density lipoprotein.
• Phospholipids – lipid bilayer, 2 fatty acid tails, one glycerol, one phosphorus acid chain.
• Sterols – steroids, cholesterol.
• Triglycerides – saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids.
• Food Types – butter, cheese, meats, milk, nuts, oils.
• Saturated Fat Types – butter, coconut oil, lard, palm oil.
• Unsaturated Fat Types – avocados, Canola oil, fish, olive oil, sunflower oil.
• Cholesterol Types – eggs, dairy, fish, meats, poultry.

Nucleic Acids

• Polymers – DNA, RNA.
• Nucleotides – hydrogen bonds, phosphate group, deoxyribose and ribose pentose sugars, nitrogen bases.
• Structure – double helix, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.

Acids and Bases Experiments

• pH – common acids and bases.
• Acids – acidic solutions, common acids, hydrogen ions.
• Bases – alkaline solutions, common bases, hydroxide ions.
• Buffers – weak acid or base with its conjugate base or acid, keep pH constant.

Biochemistry

• Organic molecules – monomers and polymers of macromolecules
• Inorganic molecules – water , carbon dioxide
• Dehydration synthesis – loss of an H2O molecule, making of polymers.
• Hydrolysis – addition of an H2O molecule, splitting of polymers into monomers.
• Atoms – protons, neutrons, electrons, orbital shells.
• Elements – periodic table, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.
• Compounds – chemical bonds.
• Covalent Bonding – sharing of electrons.
• Ionic Bonding – gaining or losing electrons to form ions.
• H2O – hydrogen bonds, polarity of water, cohesion, adhesion.

1) cell lab
2) video clip
3) notes macromolecules
4) google docs sharing

hw: worksheet


10/7/14
QFD: Life is a progress, and not a station.- Ralph Waldo Emerson
Essential Question: Compare and contrast the various nucleic acids discussed in class yesterday
Learning Objective: Students will know and be able to comprehend: the similarities and differences between various macromolecules, How macromolecules form, organs and organelles involved in creating macromolecules, The DNA and RNA sequences that aide in the process of macromolecule processes

1) notes on carbohydrates
Hw worksheet carbohydrates who took the ipod
10/8/14
QFD: A prudent question is one half of wisdom.- Francis Bacon
Essential Question: What are the most important macromolecules and why did you choose those types, justify your answer
Learning Objective: Students will know and be able to comprehend: the similarities and differences between various macromolecules, How macromolecules form, organs and organelles involved in creating macromolecules, The DNA and RNA sequences that aide in the process of macromolecule processes

QUIZ
1.
Select the monosaccharide(s).
A.
sucrose
B.
fructose
C.
glucose
D.
fructose and glucose

2.
Select the storage form of carbohydrate found in mammals.

A.
glycogen
B.
starch
C.
fiber
D.
fiber and glycogen

3.
The digestion of sucrose (table sugar) results in what two monosaccharides?
A.
maltose & glucose
B.
glucose & galactose
C.
fructose & glucose
D.
galactose & fructose

4.
The RDA for carbohydrate, 130 mg/day, is based on _____.
A.
the amount needed to provide adequate glucose for the brain and prevent ketosis.
B.
an amount low enough to decrease the risk of dental caries and hyperactivity in children.
C.
an attempt by the DRI’s to increase the protein levels in the diet.
D.
the amount needed to provide adequate fiber intake that will decrease the risk of colon cancer.

5. The complete breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen results in:
A.
carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
B.
lactic acid, water, and ATP
C.
carbon monoxide, water, and ATP
D.
water and ATP

6. One function of a carbohydrate is ___________.
A: to provide the body with immediate energy
B: keep the heart functioning smoothly
C: store and transport genetic material
D: control the rate of reactions

7. The three types of carbohydrates are _____________.
A: monosaccharide, polysaccharide, disaccharide
B: glycerol, polysaccharide, monosaccharide
C: disaccharide, monosaccharide, glycerol
D: glycerol, monosaccharide, polysaccharide

8. What elements make up a carbohydrate?
A: hydrogen, calcium, oxygen
B: hydrogen, oxygen, carbon
C: carbon, potassium, oxygen
D: calcium, potassium, oxygen

9. Large molecules that form when many monosaccharides bonded together are ___________.
A: calcium
B: sugars
C: monosaccharides
D: polysaccharides

10. The carbohydrate that provides support in plants is called _________.
A: chitin
B: cellulose
C: dextrose
D: lipids

11. Single sugars, called monosaccharides supply __________ to cells.
A: energy
B: health
C: calcium
D: hydrolysis

12. Which of the following is a carbohydrate?
A: DNA
B: insulin
C: wax
D: sucrose

13. Carbohydrates and lipids have many carbon-hydrogen bonds; therefore they both _____________.
A: store energy in these bonds
B: dissolve in water
C: dissolve in salts
D: are similar to water molecules

14.
Which of the following is an organic molecule?
A: water
B: ice
C: nitrogen
D: carbohydrates

15. Good sources of carbohydrate are:
A) fats, oils, butter, and margarine.
B) fish, eggs, beef, pork, and poultry.
C) cereals, fruits, vegetables, and milk.
D) green leafy vegetables, seafood, and water.

16.

In the image depicted above, the part of the bilayer that is hydrophobic includes
A. region B only
B. both region A and region B
C. region A only
D. neither region A nor region B

17. The cell membrane is the outermost part of an animal cell, and, is situated underneath the cell wall in plant cells. What is another name for the cell membrane?
A. Liquid Membrane
B. Conjoint Membrane
C. Pastoral Membrane
D. Plasma Membrane

18. Which of these is true of the cell membrane in both animal and plant cells?
A. It is partially permeable
B. It is fully impermeable
C. It is fully permeable
D. None of these

19. The net movement of a gaseous substance will follow a concentration gradient (at normal atmospheric pressure) from an area of high concentration of that gas, to an area of lower concentration of that same gaseous substance. What is the name of this biological process?
A. Refraction
B. Diffusion
C. Integration
D. Sublimation

20. What process is described as being the net movement of WATER molecules from an area of low concentration of solute to an area with a higher concentration of solute? (Normal atmospheric pressure).
A. Hydrolysis
B. Osmosis
C. Galvanisation
D. Differentiation

21. A one-year-old child is brought to the pediatric clinic because of poor weight gain and cough. The physician suspects that the child may have cystic fibrosis. Which of the following procedures would NOT be of value in establishing the diagnosis?

A. measurement of the amount of salt in the patient’s sweat
B. ultrasound examination to detect early cystic changes in the kidney
C. testing the child’s DNA for mutations in the gene for CFTR
D. a culture of the child’s sputum (mucus) to detect the presence of bacterial infection in the lungs

22. Through many studies, including imagery of cells using an electron microscope, it has been determined that the cell membrane consists of two layers. This is known as the bilayer. What is this bilayer composed of?
A. Tellolipids
B. Chlorolipids
C. Phospholipids
D. Carbolipids

23. In cystic fibrosis, the patient lacks a gene that codes for trans-membarene carrier of
A. sodium ion
B. carbon dioxide
C. chloride ion
D. potassium ion

24. If one side of a codon for RNA is AAA AUG GCG what would the other codon look like on the the other strand

25. What is cystic fibrosis? Describe or a draw a picture that reveals how the cell membrane is involved in regulation of chloride ions

http://www4.bluevalleyk12.org/BVNW/jmohn/apbiology/handouts/overview_of_protein_synthesis.pdf
10/9/14
QFD: Gratitude is riches. Complaint is poverty.- Doris Day
Essential Question: How are macromolecules related to the cells that they are composed of?
Learning Objective: Students will know and be able to comprehend: the similarities and differences between various macromolecules, How macromolecules form, organs and organelles involved in creating macromolecules, The DNA and RNA sequences that aide in the process of macromolecule processes

10/10/14
QFD: The right way is not always the popular and easy way. Standing for right when it is unpopular is a true test of moral character. – Margaret Chase Smith
Essential Question: Rank in order form most important to least important between carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, justify your ranking
Learning Objective: Students will know and be able to comprehend: the similarities and differences between various macromolecules, How macromolecules form, organs and organelles involved in creating macromolecules, The DNA and RNA sequences that aide in the process of macromolecule processes